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Reg Saunders
Reginald Walter "Reg" Saunders, MBE (7 August 1920 – 2 March 1990) was the first Aboriginal Australian to be commissioned as an officer in the Australian Army. He came from a military family, his forebears having served in the Boer War and the First World War. Enlisting as a soldier in 1940, he saw action during the Second World War in North Africa, Greece and Crete, before being commissioned as a lieutenant and serving as a platoon commander in New Guinea during 1944–45. His younger brother Harry also joined the Army, and was killed in 1942.
After the war, Saunders was demobilised and returned to civilian life. He later served as a company commander with the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3 RAR) during the Korean War, where he fought at the Battle of Kapyong. Saunders left the Army in 1954 and worked in the logging and metal industries, before joining the Office of Aboriginal Affairs (later the Department of Aboriginal Affairs) as a liaison officer in 1969. In 1971, he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for his community service. He died in 1990, aged 69.
==Early life==
Saunders was born near Purnim on the Framlingham Aboriginal Reserve in western Victoria on 7 August 1920.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Captain Reginald Walter (Reg) Saunders, MBE )〕 He was a member of the Gunditjmara people.〔O'Connell 2011, p. 26.〕 His father, Chris, was a veteran of the First World War, having served as a machine gunner in the Australian Imperial Force.〔Ramsland; Mooney 2006, pp. 181–182.〕 One of his uncles, William Reginald Rawlings, who was killed in action and after whom Saunders was named,〔Lennox 2005, p. 157.〕 had been awarded the Military Medal for service with the 29th Battalion in France. Another ancestor, John Brook, fought with the Victorian Rifles and the Australian Commonwealth Horse in the Boer War.〔Forbes 2010, pp. 271–272.〕 Saunders' mother died in 1924 from complications caused by pneumonia while giving birth to her third child, a girl who also died.〔Hall 1997, p. 65.〕 After this, his father moved to Lake Condah in Victoria,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Captain Reginald Saunders )〕 with Reg and his younger brother, Harry, born in 1922.〔Lennox 2005, p. 158.〕 As their father undertook various labouring jobs, the two boys were raised largely by their grandmother.〔
Saunders attended the local mission school at Lake Condah, where he did well in maths, geometry and languages. His father, meanwhile, taught Reg and Harry about the bush, and encouraged them to read Shakespeare and Australian literature. After completing eight years of schooling, Saunders earned his merit certificate.〔Ramsland; Mooney 2006, pp. 180–181.〕 His formal education thus ended, he went to work at the age of 14 as a millhand in a sawmill.〔〔Ramsland; Mooney 2006, p. 181.〕 Employers regularly withheld payments for Aboriginal labourers at this time, but Saunders refused to work unless he was paid his full entitlement, and his employer relented.〔 He worked and furthered his education until 1937, when he went into business with his father and brother, operating a sawmill in Portland, Victoria; the sawmill was destroyed in a bushfire in 1939.〔〔
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